耐蚀合金中TiN析出机制

摘要：TiN颗粒尺寸及其分布对耐蚀合金性能有明显的影响，因此有必要对TiN在铸坯中的分布及其析出行为进行研究。采用扫描电镜(SEM)、金相显微镜（OM）观察了TiN夹杂物在铸坯中的分布、尺寸及其形貌；基于热力学和动力学理论分析了耐蚀合金铸坯中TiN夹杂物的析出时机及其尺寸，结合试验结果和理论计算明确了TiN夹杂物在凝固后铸坯中的位置和尺寸与析出时机的关系，为控制TiN夹杂物提供理论指导。结果表明，冶炼过程中析出的TiN夹杂物尺寸较大，在凝固过程中被枝晶吞没，位于铸坯枝晶内和等轴晶内；微观偏析计算结果表明，在凝固分数为0.55时，TiN开始析出，最开始析出TiN夹杂物的逐渐长大，长大后的TiN易于被二次枝晶吞没，最终位于铸坯中的枝晶间和等轴晶内，后期析出的TiN则在枝晶间和等轴晶间。固相中析出的TiN夹杂物长大较慢，尺寸细小，最终位于奥氏体晶界。     

Reaction synthesis of spark plasma sintered MoSi2-B4C coatings for oxidation protection of Nb alloy

MoSi₂-B₄C coatings with different B₄C contents were prepared on Nb alloy by spark plasma sintering (SPS) process. Powder mixtures of Mo, Si and B₄C were used as the coating starting materials. Besides MoSi₂ and B₄C phases, small amounts of SiC and MoB are also found in the coatings because of the reactions of Mo, Si and B₄C powders during sintering. Compared with single MoSi₂ coating, the MoSi₂-B₄C coatings show better oxidation resistance at 1450?℃, and dense B₂O₃-SiO₂ oxide scales form after 100?h oxidation. The B₄C or MoB in the MoSi₂-B₄C coatings can serve as the B donor for the formation of B₂O₃. A slight degradation in the microstructure of the MoSi₂-B₄C coatings after oxidation is observed, which can be attributed to the presence of an NbB layer in the inter-diffusion zone of the coatings that retards the inward diffusion of Si from the coating into the substrate alloy. The microstructure development and oxidation behavior of the MoSi₂-B₄C coatings have been discussed.     

高熵合金的抗辐照性能研究进展

高熵合金作为一种新型多主元固溶体合金，成分复杂、全局无序，且具有多主元效应，表现出较为优异的综合性能，有望作为新型抗辐照结构材料应用于先进核能反应堆系统。本文介绍了目前高熵合金抗辐照性能的研究现状，主要涉及高熵合金辐照缺陷演化、微观结构变化和性能退化等辐照损伤演化过程，梳理了多主元效应对辐照损伤演化过程的影响规律。针对高熵合金的抗辐照性能研究，总结了目前高熵合金的几种抗辐照损伤机制，归纳了高熵合金抗辐照性能研究存在的问题，以及对高熵合金后续的研究方向进行了展望。     

2219铝合金搅拌摩擦焊和钨极保护焊焊接件残余应力的中子衍射研究

利用中子衍射法对2219铝合金搅拌摩擦焊（FSW）和钨极保护焊（TIG）焊接件开展了三维残余应力测量，并对残余应力分布规律进行了分析。结果表明：焊接件的纵向残余应力数值较大；FSW焊接件残余应力整体较TIG焊接件的小；FSW和TIG焊接件的残余拉应力最大值分别为101 MPa和174 MPa，FSW焊接件残余拉应力最大值较TIG焊接件的小；FSW残余拉应力最大值处于轴肩边缘，且前进侧峰值大于后退侧峰值；TIG焊接件残余拉应力最大值处于焊缝边缘。通过中子衍射实验获得的焊接件残余应力分布，将可用于焊接工艺的优化与焊接件的寿命预测。     

高强WSTi544221合金组织与性能研究

研究了轧制变形量对WSTi544221合金棒材显微组织和力学性能的影响,并对Φ10 mm规格的棒材进行不同制度的固溶+时效处理,对比了不同热处理状态下棒材的组织和力学性能。结果表明,随着轧制变形量的增大,WSTi544221合金棒材的晶粒细化程度增大,强度逐渐提高,但塑性变化不大。经870℃×1 h/WC+520℃×6 h/AC固溶+时效处理后,强度与塑性可以获得良好匹配,当抗拉强度达到1 610 MPa、屈服强度达到1 531 MPa时,延伸率和断面收缩率可分别保持在12%和43%。     

Corrosion and mechanical properties of plasma electrolytic oxidation‐coated AZ80 magnesium alloy

Plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) coatings were produced on AZ80 magnesium alloy in a solution containing silicates and phosphates and working at high current densities with short treatment times. The effect of a sealing treatment in boiling water on corrosion and mechanical properties of the coatings were investigated. Moreover, the corrosion mechanism of the samples with and without the sealing treatment was evaluated. The microstructure of the coatings was characterized with scanning electron microscope observation and X‐ray diffraction analysis. The mechanical properties were evaluated with nanoindentation tests and the corrosion resistance was studied by potentiodynamic polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and scanning vibrating electrode technique. The results showed that the sealing did not influence the microstructure and the mechanical properties of the samples and instead produced a remarkable increase in the corrosion resistance. The crevice corrosion, present in the sample without the sealing, was avoided with the treatment in boiling water.     

Hydrogen embrittlement and associated surface crack growth in fine-grained equiatomic CoCrFeMnNi high-entropy alloys with different annealing temperatures evaluated by tensile testing under in situ hydrogen charging

The effect of the annealing temperature after cold rolling on hydrogen embrittlement resistance was investigated with a face-centered cubic (FCC) equiatomic CoCrFeMnNi high-entropy alloy using tensile testing under electrochemical hydrogen charging. Decreasing annealing temperature from 800 °C to 750 °C decreased grain sizes from 3.2 to 2.1 μm, and resulted in the σ phase formation. Interestingly, the specimen annealed at 800 °C, which had coarser grains, showed a lower hydrogen embrittlement susceptibility than the specimen annealed at 750 °C, although hydrogen-assisted intergranular fracture was observed in both annealing conditions. Because the interface between the FCC matrix and σ was more susceptible to hydrogen than the grain boundary, the presence of the matrix/σ interface significantly assisted hydrogen-induced mechanical degradation. In terms of intergranular cracking, crack growth occurred via small crack initiation near a larger crack tip and subsequent crack coalescence, which has been observed in various steels and FCC alloys that contained hydrogen.     

Effect of Bimodal Grain Size Distribution on the Strain Hardening Behavior of a Medium-Entropy Alloy

The evolution of strain hardening behavior of the Fe_(50)(CoCrMnNi)_(50) medium-entropy alloy as a function of the fraction of recrystallized microstructure and the grain size was studied using the Hollomon and Ludwigson equations.The specimens under study were partially recrystallized,fully recrystallized with ultrafine-grained microstructure,and fully recrystallized with coarse grains.The yield strength decreases steadily as the fraction of recry stallized micro structure and grain size increases due to the recovery process and the Hall-Petch effect.Interestingly,the bimodal grain distribution was found to have a significant impact on strain hardening during plastic deformation.For instance,the highest ultimate tensile strength was exhibited by a 0.97 μm specimen,which was observed to contain a bimodal grain distribution.Furthermore,using the Ludwigson equation,the effect of the bimodal grain distribution was established from the behavior of K_2 and n1 curves.These curves tend to show very high values in the specimens with a bimodal grain distribution compared to those that show a homogenous grain distribution.Additionally,the bimodal grain distribution contributes to the extensive L(u|")ders strain observed in the 0.97 μm specimen,which induces a significant deviation of the Hollomon equation at lower strains.     

Property uniformity of thick nickel-based alloy plate for nuclear power steam-generator divider plate

This paper introduces a thick 690 nickel-based alloy plate produced by the former Baosteel Special Steel Co.,Ltd.used as the steam-generator divider plate in the pressurized water reactor nuclear power plant.According to the product characteristics and design requirements of the thick nickel-based alloy plate, multidimensional sampling and testing were conducted to investigate its microstructure and mechanical properties.The results show that all the property indexes of the thick hot-rolled nickel-based alloy plate meet the design requirements, and there is good uniformity in the microstructure and mechanical properties in different dimensions.These findings indicate that China has mastered the core manufacturing technology of thick nickel-based alloy plates for their use as divider plates in nuclear power steam generators.